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Some investigators 13) have suggested that surgical excision is unnecessary because of the low risk of Bartholin’s gland cancer (0.114 cancers per 100,000 woman-years). īecause a vulvar mass in a postmenopausal woman can be cancer, excisional biopsy may be required. The differential diagnosis includes hematoma, infected inguinal hernia or hydrocele of the canal of Nuck, infected lymphangioma, leiomyoma, lipoma, teratoma and sarcoma 12). This may account for the more frequent occurrence of Bartholin’s duct cysts and gland abscesses during the reproductive years, especially between 20 and 29 years of age. Gradual involution of the Bartholin’s glands can occur by the time a woman reaches 30 years of age 11). If not treated in time, it can rupture spontaneously but tends to recur 10). This is usually polymicrobial warranting broad-spectrum antibiotics 9). On examination, an erythematous, localized, tender, soft, fluctuant swelling would be present in the labia minora. īartholin’s gland abscess presents with a swelling in the vulva associated with pain and fever.
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One case-control study 7) found that white and black women were more likely to develop Bartholin’s cysts or abscesses than Hispanic women, and that women of high parity were at lowest risk.īartholin’s gland abscess has been reported to have a recurrence up to 38% 8). When determining antibacterial treatment options, it is essential to correlate the microbiological findings with their anti-biogram 6).
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Large proportions of Bartholin’s gland abscess are bacterial culture positive with Escherichia coli being a common pathogen (Table 1). Bartholin’s abscess cultures often show polymicrobial infection. Bartholin’s abscess and cyst account for 2% of all gynaecological visits per annum in women at child-bearing age.īartholin’s abscesses are almost three times more common than Bartholin’s cysts 5). Duct cyst is not required for the development of abscess 4). Infection of this cyst is likely to result in Bartholin’s gland abscess. This build-up leads to a cystic dilation of the duct and cyst formation. When the Bartholin’s gland duct orifice becomes obstructed, the glands produce a build-up of mucus. īartholin cysts are common complications of the Bartholin’s gland, affecting the ductal region due to outlet blockage. This Dane became known for describing it along with the accessory ducts of the salivary and sublingual glands 3). The first person to describe this gland was Kaspar Bartholin, in 1977. Bartholin’s glands begin to function at puberty 2). During sexual stimulation, Bartholin’s glands release lubricant fluid 1). They secret colorless, mucoid discharge on sexual excitation which moisturizes the vestibule. They are similar to Cowper’s glands in males. They resemble salivary glands in structure. They are not palpable except in the presence of disease or infection. The Bartholin’s glands or greater vestibular glands, are a pair of pea-sized (rarely exceed 1 cm) exocrine glands, located at 4 O’ clock and 8 O’ clock position in the labia minora and drain through 2- to 2.5-cm–long ducts that empty into the vestibule (see Figures 1 and 2).